Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has grasped the general trend of world development, regarded self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology as a strategic support for national development, and unswervingly followed the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. my country has undergone major changes in nature and pattern, and entered the ranks of innovative countries.
From 2012 to 2021, my country's investment in science and technology has grown rapidly. The investment in research and development of the whole society has increased from 1.03 trillion yuan to 2.79 trillion yuan, and the investment in basic research has increased from 49.9 billion yuan to 181.7 billion yuan. The scientific and technological talent team continues to grow, and the total number of R&D personnel has increased from 3.25 million person-years to 5.72 million person-years. Chinese scientists have won important international awards such as the "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "Cleveland Award", and "Vega Award". Major original achievements have emerged one after another. Major original achievements have been made in cutting-edge fields such as stem cells and brain science. Frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, mobile communications, and supercomputing are in sync with the world's advanced level. Breakthroughs allow our country to occupy the commanding heights of science and technology in the fields of deep space, deep sea, and deep blue. The strength of technological innovation has been significantly enhanced. The number of international patent applications submitted by Chinese applicants through the "Patent Cooperation Treaty" (PCT) has increased from 19,000 to 69,500. The main role in the transformation continues to increase. The innovation environment has been continuously optimized, the basic institutional framework for promoting scientific and technological innovation has been basically established, management efficiency has been significantly improved, and innovation vitality has been significantly enhanced. Since the new era, China's scientific and technological strength has moved from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, from point breakthroughs to systemic capability improvement, and the comprehensive ranking of national innovation capabilities has jumped from 34th in 2012 to 11th in 2022 , Technological innovation injects strong impetus into economic and social development.
Provide strong support to meet major national needs. Focus on solving bottleneck constraints, implement major scientific and technological projects, fill a number of strategic gaps in the field of science and technology, and support the construction of major projects such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. A batch of new varieties of rice, wheat, and corn have been created, and the grain yield per mu has increased from 357 kg per mu in 2012 to 387 kg in 2021, effectively ensuring food security. The clean and efficient utilization of coal, new nuclear power, and UHV power transmission are at the forefront of the world. The installed capacity of photovoltaic and wind power, as well as the scale of energy storage and hydrogen production rank first in the world. , Provide a strong guarantee for promoting low-carbon green development.
Inject strong momentum into promoting high-quality development. Focus on strategic industries such as the digital economy, new materials, energy, and transportation to strengthen scientific research and breakthroughs in key core technologies to promote the industry to the mid-to-high end, and to achieve new breakthroughs in the development of high-end industries. From 2012 to 2021, the proportion of my country's high-tech manufacturing industry in the added value of industries above designated size will increase from 9.4% to 15.1%, and the number of high-tech manufacturing industrial enterprises above designated size will increase from 24,600 to 41,400 Home. my country is at the forefront of the world in the development and application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, quantum communication, and intelligent driving. 5G mobile communication technology is the first to achieve large-scale application. The world's digital competitiveness ranking has risen from 30th in 2018 to 2022 the seventeenth place. The market-oriented operation of the domestically produced C919 large aircraft has accelerated, the 600 km/h high-speed maglev test sample vehicle has rolled off the production line, and technologies such as high-performance equipment, intelligent robots, additive manufacturing, and laser manufacturing have pushed "Made in China" to a higher level.
Lay a solid foundation for guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood. Focus on major livelihood issues and let the people share the fruits of scientific and technological progress. In the field of employment and entrepreneurship, new business forms and models such as Internet medical care and online office have created a large number of flexible jobs. In the field of pollution prevention and control, 11 national sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zones have been built, taking the lead in the world to realize "retreating from deserts and advancing to people". In the field of public security, significant results have been achieved in the R&D and application of key technologies such as risk assessment and safety assurance systems, emergency rescue technical equipment, short-impending earthquake prediction and forecasting technology systems, and major disastrous weather forecasting technologies. In the field of health and health, improve the technical system of early detection, early screening, early diagnosis, and early treatment, break the monopoly of foreign patented drugs such as cancer, leukemia, and drug-resistant bacteria prevention and treatment, and a number of domestically produced heavy ion accelerators, magnetic resonance, color Doppler ultrasound, and CT High-end medical equipment and instruments have been put into use. Especially in the prevention and control of the new crown epidemic, emergency scientific research has been carried out in key areas such as virus traceability, disease treatment, vaccine and drug research and development, and three lines of defense have been established: vaccines, traditional Chinese medicine, neutralizing antibodies and small molecule drugs. With the support of scientific and technological innovation, my country's human development index has risen from 0.699 in 2012 to 0.768 in 2021, and its world ranking has improved significantly.